Pablo Picasso
He's a Spanish painter. His real name is Pablo Ruiz Picasso. Picasso is recognized as the most prolific artist and the 20th. he is one of the most important painters of the XVIII century. According to the Guiness Book of Records, he produced a total of 13,500 paintings, 100,000 prints, 34,000 book paintings and 300 sculptures, and many ceramics and drawings. in 1973, it was estimated that the total value of his works could be $ 750 million. Together with Georges Braque, he is the pioneer of the groundbreaking Cubism movement in the art world. He was born on October 25, 1881 in Málaga, Spain. They were the first children of Jose Ruiz Blasca, who taught at important art institutes in Spain, and Maria Picasso Lopez, who was of Italian descent, and worked as a curator at a museum. Picasso's midwife, who came face to face with death for the first time on the day of his birth, thought that he was dead and turned all her attention to his mother, but with the composure of his uncle Don Salvador, a doctor, Picasso was saved at the last moment. his sister Dolores was born in 1884 and Concepcion in 1887. Picasso came from a family that was fond of art. Because on the maternal and paternal side there were also relatives of painters. Picasso, whose great talent for painting appeared at a very young age, said the first word in Spanish was “Piz”, an abbreviation of Lapiz, which means pencil. Because his relationship with paper and pencil began in those years. Picasso received his first education from his father and then went on to the Academia de San Fernando. Picasso's family, who spent the first ten years of his life in the town of his birth, Malaga, was short of livelihood. But after his father received a new job offer from the north of Spain with better wages, they moved to the provincial center on the Atlantic coast, where they would spend four years. the death of his sister Concepcion in 1894 due to diphtheria would significantly influence Picasso's ideas on life and art. Picasso, who initially followed his father's example in the field of art, became a painter who admired everyone with his work when he turned 13. His father, Jose Ruiz Blasca, was so impressed by Picasso's painting of pigeons that he gave all his paraphernalia to his son, admitting that he was now a mature artist and never painted again. in the first months of 1895, the Ruiz Blasco family moved to Barcelona, and although Picasso was not properly educated, he managed to get admitted to the Llotja Art Institute, a well-known art school, at the age of 14. His intolerance of discipline and his scrupulousness over pattern exercises were the most prominent features of his school life. Picasso, who was full of creative ideas during his years in Barcelona, met modernists and wealthy bourgeois families at that time and became friends with Carles Casogemos, who would play an important role in the development of the language of painting. Picasso, who was one of the most famous painters in Barcelona long before the end of his apprenticeship, exhibited his first large-dec oil painting in the most important exhibition held in Barcelona to this day. in 1897, after a summer vacation in Malaga, Picasso moved to his new workshop in Madrid and entered one of the most well-known art schools in Spain. At first, he copied the master painters of the past and used their styles, then he was inspired by these paintings and started creating his own style. the painter, who opened his first solo exhibition at Galerie Volland in 1900 and made his first visit to Paris, entered a new era with the suicide of his close friend Carlos Casagemas. Picasso, who called this period the Blue Period, in which he reflected his experiences on his works with the theme of blue color, was leaning on the issues of old age, poverty and death. His paintings such as Dama en Eden Concert (1903), La Vida (1903), Las dos hermanas (1904) were a product of that era. Sadness and melancholy reigned in his paintings during the blue period. In fact, blue, the color of the sky, had been Picasso's favorite color since childhood, and he used this color to express strong emotions and sadness in his early paintings. Picasso also made his first sculptures during this period. Rodin, one of the greatest artists of the era, saw his works, gave a new dimension to his life and started working in plastic. The most prominent work of this period was "La Vie" (1903), which is exhibited today in Cleveland's Museum of Art. The Blue Period was dec 1901 and 1903. Picasso settled in Paris in 1904, lived with the journalist and poet Max Jacob, who was going to teach him French, and it was also in those days that he met Fernande Olivier, whom he would later marry. The Paris days were also a harbinger of Picasso's fledgling period. After the Blue Period, a new period had come in which he mainly used one basic color and revealed the spirit of the painting: the Pink Period. Picasso's preference for composition, who began to pay more attention to the use of lines and patterns than color, took a more aesthetical position, and his preferred colors were gray-pink vaccine paint and brown weighted. The feeling of sadness was somewhat alleviated in the works of the painter of this period, who began to see more and more often the figures of a magician and a clown in his patterns. Circus people, clowns were his new heroes. One of the most important works of the period was "Family of Saltimbanques " (1905), which was exhibited at The National Gallery in Washington. Some of the other works of the Pink Period are "Lady with a Fan" (1905), "Harlequin Family" (1905), "Woman with Loads".(1906) The simple and angular arrangement of the figures he used during this period was a harbinger of the birth of Cubism. Picasso's work had begun to acquire a classical air since 1905. Influenced by Henri Matisse and Henri Rousseau, who lived in the same period, the artist's journey into Cubism also started at that time. In addition, by the end of 1906, Picasso was no longer recognized only in the field of painting and drawing, but also in sculpture and engraving. Pablo Picasso made a portrait painting of Gertrude Stein in 1906, who became a good friend after meeting Gertrude Stein. Picasso, portrait of Gertrude Stein- 1906 This was the period when Picasso did not show his paintings to anyone other than just his very close friends, and this continued to be the case until he completed his first Cubist paintings. The painter began to use three-dimensional forms on top of each other in a flat area and to process the human anatomy differently than it seems. Picasso, together with his close friend Georges Braque, initiated the Cubism Movement, which began in 1907 and broke a whole new ground in the history of art. The first example of Picasso's Cubist understanding of art was his painting Girls from Avignon, which he completed in the same year. The most famous of his paintings during this period were The Man Smoking a Pipe (1911), the Still Life with Bamboo Sandel (1912), which he made with the collage technique, and the Bottle, Cup, and Violin, which is a charcoal work. It was difficult to distinguish his works from each other because the works he and Georges Braque painted on the same current were similar to each other. The general feature of Cubist paintings was the use of geometry and geometric shapes, and the objects depicted were simplified or divided into geometric shapes in such a way as to form geometric forms. Another feature of Cubism was the attempt to transfer a three-dimensional object in space to a two-dimensional surface, and Picasso for this purpose divided the shapes into their lateral surfaces and tried to show each of them on a two-dimensional surface. Again, for this reason, the people in his portraits were seen both from the profile and from the facade. beginning in 1910, Picasso and Braque began to take the Cubism movement to a new dimension. This first stage was known as "Analytical Cubism", in which objects were divided into parts. The goal here was more to reflect his truth than to imitate the object, and the important works of the period were as follows: "The Guitar Player"(1910), "Portrait of Ambroise Vollard"(1910), "Accordionist"(1911), "Aficionado"(1912). in 1912, the Cubism movement, in partnership with Picasso and Braque, moved to another stage: "Synthetic Cubism". In this step, which was evaluated at the extreme point in the sense of transferring the real world to the canvas, small parts occupied an important place. Some of the painter's works that appeared during the period of Synthetic Cubism were "Guitar and Violin" (1912), "Glass and Bottle of Suze" (1912), "Clarinet and Violin" (1913) and "The Italian Girl". (1917) Picasso, whose partnership with Braque ended during the First World War, began to reflect on the social thaw and the horrors caused by technological terror in his paintings after the war and returned to his classical line. Picasso, who also started working as a stage decorator during these years when he stayed in Rome with Jean Cocteau, re-entered the world house very soon after meeting the dancer Olga Kokhlova. Picasso, who together with his son Paulo also made many portraits of his wife, began to be influenced by surrealism in the 30s. Picasso, who met and fell in love with Marie-Therese in January 1927, could not get along with his wife Olga. The painter, who made numerous paintings of Therese, continued this relationship for many years. Their lack of livelihood with Olga has now reached an unbearable point, and she has a child named Maya from her lover Marie-Therese, who became pregnant at that time. However, Picasso, who was upset because of Olga, who did not want to leave him, could not easily concentrate on work. In a letter he said: “This is the worst period of my life." the painter, who took notes, moved away from everyone and began to write poetry. in 1931, Picasso bought a mansion near Paris and, with the encouragement of his friends Louis Fort and Gonzales, set up an engraving and sculpture workshop. Pablo Picasso, his painting Guernica The situation of the town of Guernica, which was bombed by the Germans on April 27, 1937, had affected the painter very much. Picasso named his work Guernica, which he completed after this event. An interesting incident had also developed on the subject. Because when Picasso was about to complete the Guernica in his workshop, a German commander came in, after looking at the painting for a long time, he asked Picasso if you made this painting. Whereupon the famous painter's answer was: "No, you did it." it had happened. Guernica was considered the most famous work of Picasso. This large painting, symbolizing the German bombardment during the Spanish Civil War, reflected the inhuman, desperate and despicable side of the war. The painting, which remained in the Museum of Modern Art in New York for many years, was not exhibited in his native Spain at Picasso's request. Because Picasso was unhappy with the democracy practiced in Spain. However, the painting returned to its territory in 1981 and began to be exhibited at the Cason del Buen Retiro. When the Reina Sofia Museum was opened in Madrid in 1992, the "Guernica" took its current place as the most important part of this great museum. Some of Picasso's most important works that he produced during this period were "Woman-Flower" (1946), "Portrait de Sylvette" (1954) and "Don Quixote".(1955) Max Jacob, one of Picasso's close friends who was against the war all his life but always had to live with the war, was killed in a Jewish concentration camp where he was taken by the Germans in 1944. in the fall of 1945, Picasso moved to live with the painter Françoise Gilot, whom he had known for two years, and settled in southern France, where he made numerous portraits of his lover Françoise. in 1949, when the painter was asked to make a poster for the Peace Congress organized in Paris by the Communist Party, of which he was a member, Picasso painted a dove, which is a symbol of peace today, and his work covered the walls in all cities of Europe. Picasso, who named his second child Paloma, which means pigeon in Spanish, after Claude, after Françoise Gilot, continued his political activities until the occupation of Hungary by the Soviet Union in 1956. Picasso, who was quite prolific, showed a great deal of creative work in this field, taking a keen interest in ceramics and pottery in Vallauris, where he had lived since 1948. despite the fact that he is 70 years old, happy, lively and energetic, the painter returned to his former depressed days after Françoise broke up with him, taking her two children with her. Overwhelmed by journalists who watched him like a movie star, the painter began to lead a secluded life in his villa called “La Californie” overlooking the sea on the backs of Cannes with his new lover Jacqueline Roque and began to meet only with close friends. On March 14, 1961, he married Jacquelin Roque and settled on a hill farm near Mougins, a small town eight kilometers from Cannes. On May 1, 1970, the painter, whose paintings he had made in recent years were exhibited at the “Palace of the Popes” in Avignon, with the help of his friend Jaime Sabarte, presented all his works that he had made during his youth to the Picasso Museum, which was opened in Barcelona. The painter, who reached the level of immortality while living, turned a blind eye to life on April 8, 1973 with his works. Picasso, who has spent the most productive period of his career in the last two decades of his life, is undoubtedly the 20th. He is one of the most important artists of the century. The famous actor Anthony Hopkins played the painter in the film "Surviving Picasso", which reveals Picasso's stormy loves and artist personality.